Glossary, Page 18

Osmosis

Osmosis is a phenomenon that occurs when a solvent (usually water) passes through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher concentration. This process happens through the membrane so that the solvent…

osmotic membrane

An osmotic membrane is a special type of membrane that allows the passage of dissolved substances - particles dissolved in water, while preventing the passage of larger molecules or particles. Its operation is based on the principle of osmosis, which…

oventrop

      Oventrop is a German company based in Olsberg, founded in 1851. It is one of the leading European companies operating in the field of air conditioning, heating, cooling and technologies for the control and…

Oxidation

Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one chemical element to another. The element that is oxidized loses electrons, while the other element that is reduced gains electrons. Oxidation can occur in a variety of ways,…

oxygen barrier

The oxygen barrier is a layer of aluminum that prevents oxygen molecules from entering the heating system. Oxygen is an unwelcome element in heating systems, which causes corrosion of the metal elements of the heating system, which…

Pascal's law

The hydraulic law, also known as Pascal's law, states that if pressure is applied to a liquid in a closed container, then this pressure is transmitted equally in all directions and the magnitude of the pressure does not change. Specifically, the…

passive construction

An energy-passive house is a house that provides its residents with a high-quality indoor environment in winter and summer, and at the same time allows to significantly reduce energy consumption for heating and operation by up to 90% compared to…

Passive cooling

Passive cooling is a method of removing heat from various devices and systems without the use of active components such as fans, pumps or compressors. Instead, it relies on thermodynamic principles and the properties of materials for the natural flow…

pcb board

A printed circuit board (abbr. DPS, English printed circuit board, abbreviated PCB; other names see below) is a board made of a non-conductive substrate, on which conductive connections are created based on the wiring diagram of a specific circuit,…

PE-AL-PE-RT

PE-AL-PE-RT is a type of plastic pipe that is composed of several layers of different materials. This type of pipe is made of four layers: The first layer is made of polyethylene (PE), which is known for its high resistance to corrosion and…

PE-HD

PE-HD is an abbreviation for high-density polyethylene (High-Density Polyethylene). It is a polymer from the polyethylene series, which is produced by polymerization of ethylene under high pressure and temperature. PE-HD is known for its high…

PE-RT

PE-RT is an abbreviation for polyethylene with high density and increased resistance to heat (Polyethylene of Raised Temperature Resistance). It is a special type of polyethylene that has been developed for increased heat resistance and the ability…

PE-X

The abbreviation "PE-X" indicates high-density polyethylene, modified for increased heat resistance and strength. PE-X is often used in the context of piping systems for hot or cold water distribution. These pipe systems are known as PE-X…

Pellets

Pellets are a special type of fuel made from compressed biomass such as wood, sawdust, cereals or plant residues. They are small cylindrical particles with a diameter usually from 6 mm to 8 mm and a length of approximately 10 mm to 30…

pet

Polyethylene terephthalate, abbreviated as PET, is a thermoplastic polymer used to make various plastic products. It has excellent physical and chemical properties that make it suitable for a wide range of applications. It is known for its strength,…

PEX

PEX (Cross-linked polyethylene) is a polymer, namely thermoplastic polyethylene, which is chemically modified to improve its properties. This treatment ensures that polyethylene molecules are cross-linked, which increases its temperature and…

PEX-Al-PEX

PEX-Al-PEX potrubie poznáme aj pod názvom plastohliník.

Phenol

Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5OH. It has a characteristic crystalline appearance and a strong odor. Phenol occurs naturally in various plants and is also produced in some chemical…

Phosphates

Phosphates are salts or esters of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). They are composed of phosphorus, oxygen and calcium atoms and have multiple uses in several industries, including the food industry, the chemical industry, the metal industry and…

physical quantity

A physical quantity is a quantity or characteristic that can be measurably expressed by a numerical value and a unit. Physical quantities describe various aspects and properties of phenomena, objects or systems in physics and natural…

PI regulation

PI regulation (Proportional-Integral regulation) is one of the types of regulators used in automation and process control to achieve a desired value (target value) for a specified system or process. This type of regulation combines two basic…

pipe bender

A pipe bender (or lokvar) is a component used to change the direction of flow of a liquid or gas in a pipe by 90 degrees. The shape of the sluice is usually similar to the letter "L" and allows the flow from the main pipe to change direction into a…

pipe disc filter

A pipe disc filter is a type of filtration equipment used to treat water and other liquids. Its main purpose is to remove mechanical impurities such as particles, sand, sediments and other pollutants to ensure the purity and quality of the fluid.…

Pipe end calibration

Pipe end calibration is a process used to check and adjust the accuracy and correct size of pipe or pipe ends that are used in various applications. This process is important so that the pipe end is properly designed and ready for connection to other…

pipe fitting

A pipe fitting is the term used for a short tubular section or tube that is used to join or extend an existing pipe, tube or pipe. Sockets can have different forms, while their shape, size and material are adapted to specific use and…