Young's modulus

Young's modulus, often referred to as E, is one of the main elastic moduli used to characterize the mechanical properties of solid materials. It is a dimensionless physical constant that expresses the degree of elasticity of the material, specifically the ability of the material to resist deformation under the action of external stress.

Young's modulus is defined as the ratio between normal stress (force acting per unit area) and relative strain (change in material length relative to the original length). Mathematically, it is expressed as:

E = (normal stress) / (relative strain)

Young's modulus is measured in pascals (Pa) or megapascals (MPa) because it is the ratio of stress to strain, which have the same units (N/m^2). It depends on the type of material and its composition, because different materials have different mechanical properties.

Young's modulus is widely used in design and engineering to assess the behavior of materials under load. A higher Young's modulus indicates a material with greater elasticity and strength that resists deformation under less load. Conversely, materials with a lower Young's modulus are less elastic and deform more easily under load.

Young's modulus is an important tool in the design and construction of engineering components, structures, springs, bridges, buildings and many other applications where the mechanical properties of the material under load must be taken into account.